This publication is devoted specifically to herbaceous perennials (subsequently referred to simply as perennials), primarily to those that persist from crowns and/or fleshy roots. Further, those biennials and perennials that bloom the first year along with tender perennials (those actually killed by frost) are often treated as annuals in the landscape. The distinction between annuals and perennials, woody and herbaceous, is not always sharply defined because climate influences growth potential. Herbaceous perennials persist by means of various underground storage structures-bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous stems, tuberous roots and crowns. Perennials are also classed as woody (trees and shrubs that produce woody above-ground stems and branches that live from year to year) or herbaceous (plants that produce comparatively soft tissues which often die back to ground level at the end of the growing season). Perennials live from year to year, with varying bloom times. Biennials normally do not bloom until the second season, form seeds and then die. Annuals are short-lived plants that complete their entire life cycle within one growing season.
Plants are classed according to their growth cycle as annuals, biennials or perennials.
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